Unit 3: Control Structures

Conditional Statements

• if Statement: Executes a block of code if a condition is true.

  if (condition) {
      // Code to execute if the condition is true
  }
  

• if-else Statement: Executes one block of code if the condition is true and another if it’s false.

  if (condition) {
      // Code to execute if the condition is true
  } else {
      // Code to execute if the condition is false
  }
  

Loops

• for Loop: Repeats a block of code for a specified number of iterations.

  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
      // Code to repeat
  }
  

• while Loop: Repeats a block of code as long as a condition is true.

  while (condition) {
      // Code to repeat
  }
  

Unit 4: Methods

Defining Methods

• Method Signature: Consists of the method name and parameter list.

  returnType methodName(parameter1Type parameter1Name, parameter2Type parameter2Name) {
      // Method body
  }
  

Calling Methods

• Method Call: Execute a method’s code by calling it with appropriate arguments.

  int result = methodName(arg1, arg2);
  

Method Overloading

• Method Overloading: Defining multiple methods with the same name but different parameter lists.

  int sum(int a, int b) {
      return a + b;
  }
  
  double sum(double a, double b) {
      return a + b;
  }
  

Return Statements

• Return Statement: Used to return a value from a method with a return type.

  int add(int a, int b) {
      return a + b;
  }
  

Recursion

• Recursion: A method calls itself to solve a problem.

  int factorial(int n) {
      if (n == 0) {
          return 1;
      } else {
          return n * factorial(n - 1);
      }
  }